Patients with neoplasms develop various signs and symptoms, and the major clinical features are derived from the mass effect of the primary tumour, its invasion and distant metastases. In addition, neoplasms can produce a wide variety of clinical features at sites that are distant from the tumour mass; these are collectively referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes or remote effects of malignancy. Two major categories of paraneoplastic syndrome include humoral syndromes and neurogenic syndromes.
